Environmental Studies 2022

UNIT I: The Multidisciplinary Nataure of Environmental Studies:
Definition, scope and importance Natural resources and associated
problems: Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation,
timber extraction, damsand their effects on forests and tribal people. Water
resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods,
drought, dams-benefits and problems, water conservation and watershed
management. Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental
effects.d) Food resources: World food problems, changes, effects of
modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems.e) Energy resources:
Growing energy needs, renewables and non-renewable energy sources,
alternate energy sources.f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land
degradation, man-induced landslides,soilerosionand desertification. g) Role
of an individual in conservation of natural resources. h) Equitable use of
resources for sustainable lifestyles.
UNIT II: Ecosystem:
a) Forest Ecosystem b) Grassland Ecosystem c) Desert ecosystem d)
Aquatic Ecosystem (Ponds rivers, oceans, estuaries) Food Chains, Food
Webs and Ecological Pyramids Energy flow in the ecosystem Ecological
succession .
UNIT III : Biodiversity and its Conservation:
Introduction Definition: Genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
Biogeographical classification of India Values of Biodiversity Biodiversity
at global, national and local levels India as a mega-diversity nation
Hot-Spots of biodiversity Threats to biodiversity Endangered and endemic
species of India Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ
conservation of biodiversity.
UNIT IV: Environmental Pollution:
Definition- Causes, effects and control measures of:- a) Air Pollution
b) Water Pollution c) Soil Pollution d) Marine Pollution e) Noise Pollution.
f) Thermal Pollution Solid Waste Management Disaster Management: Floods,
earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNI TV: Social issues and the environment:
Climatic change, global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion. Wasteland
reclamation Consumerism and Waste products, use and through plastics
Environment Protection Act Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act
Forest Conservation Act Population Explosion – Family Welfare Programme
Human Rights